THE FORM OF VIOLENCE AGAINST ROHINGNYA WOMEN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT (RTOP)

Abstract

Rohingnya women and girls who were systematically targeted based on their ethnic nature and territory, particularly during the two main attack phases from October 2012 to August 2017, during operation of ethnic cleansing and genocide. Myanmar's government has failed massively in protecting them against extreme, widespread violence. The study examined the form of violence against Rohingnya women and girls based on primary and secondary data from 2012 to 2019. The primary data were collected from structured interviews involving informants consist of Rohingnya refugee and specialized in Rohingnya crisis. Secondary data from books, theses, journal papers and online data were collected. This study has three objectives, namely 1) to identify the form of violence; 2) to classify the main perpetrators, and 3) to analyse the Implementation of Responsibility to Protect (RtoP). The findings revealed 1) Rohingnya women and girl’s experienced flagrant, horrific sexual violence and a widespread rape case that showed systemic structure and endorsement; 2) the main perpetrators are Myanmar armed forces, police, Buddhists and other ethnic groups, and 3) the second and third pillars still working even Myanmar failed to protect Rohingya women under pillar one.